Allen, K.E., & Marotz, L.R. (2003). Developmental Profiles: Pre-birth through 12 (4th Edition).  Clifton Park, NY: Delmar.

1 Month Motor:

• does not reach
• attempts to follow objects

Cognitive 1 Month

• Blinks
• Follows slowly moving objects through 180 degree arc
• Follows vertically moved object
• Studies own hand
• Prefers Mom's voice
• Coordinates body movement to voice
• makes sounds other than crying
• ejoys light
• stares at faces 10-12 inches
• needs to be forewarnd before being picked up
• enjoys face to face position

1-4 months

• grasps with whole hand
• movements tend to be jerky
• can smoothly fixate on moving object
• continues to gaze at disappearing objects
• no object permanence
• size color, shape recognition - immediate environment
• reaches for objects
• gazes at object, hand, object
• looks at sound source
• moves or jiggles in time with music
• recognizes parent when others are available
• uses some motion to keep toys in motion
• searches for sound by turning head
• coordinates vocal, looking and body movements in face-to-face exchanges
• babbles/coos when spoken to
• uses single vowels; imitates vowels
• imitates, maintains, terminates and avoids interactions
• reacts to changes in adult voice
• playes with fingers, hands, and toes
• enjoys familiar routines
• stops crying upon caregiver approach

4-8 months

• pincer grasp, palmar grasp (entire hand)
• reaches with both hands
• transfers objects between hands
• handles, shakes, pounds objects
• reaches for small objects
• imitates pat-a-cake, waving, peek-a-boo
• looks for objects dropped
• object permanence
• looks at objects, turns them around, feels, bangs, and shakes
• recognizes inverted objects
• can only deal with one toy at a time
• active play with small toys
• bangs objects playfully
• responds to own name and simple requests (wave)
• imitates nonspeech sounds
• responds to tone of voice
• expresses emotion
•  "talks"  to toys
• babbling
• watches people and activities
• awareness of self as a separate individual
• responds differently to strangers, teachers, parents and siblings
• seeks attention through body movements, verbalizations, or both

8-12 months

• one-handed reach
• manipulates objects
• pokes objects with one finger
• deliberate pincer grasp
• stacks objects
• drops or throws objects; can't put down
• watches objects
• points at objects
• short attention span
• follows simple instruction
• reaches for visible toys out of reach
• recognizes reversals of objects
• imitates activities
• pretends with everyday items
• receptive puts in/out when requested
• cause and effect relations
• functional relations
• searches from partially hidden toys
• babbles, shouts for attention
• shakes head no and yes
• looks when name is called
• babbles in sentences the uses jargon
• waves, claps when asked
• dada, mama
• vocalizes to simple songs
• hands objects to adult with gestures
• stranger anxiety
• wants to be involved
• likes novel objects
• extends arms to be picked up
• offers toys to others
• attachment to familiar toy
• repeats attention seeking responses
• carries out simple directions
• understands no

1 year old

• crawls
• stands alone, feet apart, legs sticking out
• walks unassisted
• releases objects voluntarily
• push/pull toy while walking
• picks up and repeatedly throws objects
• crawls up stairs
• carries toys from place to place
• scriblles with whole arm movement
• helps feed and drink self'; not always accurate
• helps turn pages in a book
• stacks 2-4 objects
• hide and find activities; later child will search several places
• crosses midline when switching hands
• manages 3-4 objects
• looks at books
• demonstrates functional objects with toys and real objects
• shows and offers toys
• puts several items in containers and then dumps
• imitates trying to make objects work
• responds to facial movement but can't imitate facial expression
• 1 word that expresses many things - meaning depends on inflection (holophrastic speech) - later 2 word phrases
• follows simple directions
• points to familiar animals, toys, and people when asked
• ID receptive body parts
• ID desired objects (few) by name and gesture
• responds to simple questions with yes/no and head movement
• 25-50% intelligible
• locates familiar objects on request
• 5-50 words that refer to animals, food and toys
• point and pull to get attention
• tries to join rhymes and songs
• aware of turn taking by making and imitation
• less stranger anxiety
• helps put away toys
• plays alone
• enjoys being held and red to
• gives hugs and kisses
• recognizes self in the mirror
• acknowledges other children
• begins to assert independence; resists routines
• begins to explore more

2 year old

• heel-toe walking
• runs
• squats
• balances on 1 foot
• jumps/may fall
• toilet training readiness
• throws ball underhand
• holds cup in 1 hand
• large buttons and zippers
• turns doorknobs
• fist grasp of large crayons/scribbles
• pour and fill activities
• stack 4-6 objects
• use feet to propel wheels
• put objects together, pull apart, uses pegboard
• use objects for other than intended uses
• 1 dimension classification
• fascination with figuring out a situation
• attend to self-selected activities for long periods
• cause/effect
• theory of mind developing
• expresses pain
• wants to participate in reading by pointing, noises, and turning pages
• 50-300 words
• talk has meaning
• 3-4 word statements in conventional code
• refers to I as me
• tacks "no" on first word to express negation
• repeatedly asks "what's that"?
• some plurals
• talks about objects not present
• 65-70% intelligible
• shows signs of empathy
• can be overly affectionate
• hard to wait and take turns
• "helps" with household chores, imitates everyday acts with dolls
• bossy with adults
• watches and imiates children but content to play alone
• offers toys to others but is still posessive
• hard to make choices
• somewhat ritualistic
• plays dress-up

3-year olds

• balances on 1 foot
• kicks large balls
• feeds self without assistance
• jumps in place
• pedals
• catches large balls with arms extended
• swings
• increased pen control - vertical, horizontal, circular
• tripod grasp
• turns book pages
• builds tower of 8 or more blocks
• pounds, rolls, and squeezes clay
• hand dominance
• carries container without spilling
• pours from one container to another
• buttons and zippers
• washes and dries hands (not thorough)
• Toilet trained
• listens to age-appropriate stories
• makes relevant comments about stories
• pretends to explain pictures
• points to pictures when given sound-alike pairs
• plays with toys realistically
• 8-10 pegs in a pegboard
• attempts to draw
• understands shapes
• sorts objects on the basis of one dimension (usually color or size)
• understands basic size/shape comparisons
• names and matches primary colors
• arranges cubes in horizontal likes and makes bridges
• counts objects
• IDs more
• shows some time understanding; still confusion
• talks bout objects, events, and people not present
• talks about the action of others
• adds information to what has been said
• answers simple questions
• asks more questions, especially where
• uses more speech forms to prolong converstaions
• calls attention to self
• promotes the behavior of others
• comments on ongoing actions and events
• 300-1000 words
• nursery rehymes and songs
• understandable
• expanded modifies - big blue house
• "-ing" and "-s" - overgeneralizes
• answers "what" and "where" questions
• understands turn-taking - not always willing
• nightmares
• joins simple games and group activities
• parallel play
• make believe play alone and with others
• affections towards younger kids
• listens to stories up to 10 minutes

4 year olds

• walks straight line
• hops on 1 foot
• pedals and steers
• climbs
• jumps over objects and lands on both feet
• runs, stops, starts, moves around others with ease
• throws ball underhand
• builds 10 block tower
• forms shapes and objects out of clay
• reporduces some shapes and letters
• crayons - tripod grasp
• points and draws with purpose
• hits nails and pegs with hammer
• threads beads on a string
• stacks 5 cubes from large-small; builds pyramid of 6 blocks
• pared words sound same-different
• 18-20 uppercase letters  (closer to 5)
• print and write own name; recognize preferred sight words
• read simple books
• wordplay and simple language
• tallest, biggest, same, more
• rote counts to 20
• undrstands daily sequences
• can fill in what's missing from a puzzle
• uses on, in, under
• uses posessives
• answers "whose", "who", "why", "how many"
• elaborate sentence structures
• begins to use past tense
• can adapt speech to listener
• states first and last name, gender, siblings, sometimes phone #
• responds to what to do if tired, cold, hungry
• recites simple songs/rhymes
• can be overenthusiastic
• changes mood rapidly
• invisible friends
• boasts, exaggerates, bends truth, tests limits of potty talk
• cooperates and particiaptes in group
• seeks adult approval
• tattles; does not always take turns
• wants to do things correctly and independently
• role-play and make-beleive
• verbal rather than physical aggression; may yell
• name-calling and taunting
• begins to have a best friend